Presentation tips

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In the old days it was considered useful to be able to do things like make fire and slay mammoths. These skills are in less demand these days. But an ability to present well in front of an audience is something that is always going to come in handy. Here are my tips:

  • Decide what you want your presentation to achieve:

    • Leave them knowing something

    • Get them to do something

    • Change the way that they think about something

  • Try to pull out five or so really important things that you want the audience to take away. Don't try and do too many. Say what they are at the start, do each one and then say what they were at the end.

  • Make acting on the outcome of the presentation as easy as possible.

  • Never apologise at the start. It will only lower expectations.

  • Don't expect to enjoy giving your first presentation, but don't be surprised if you get a taste for it.

  • Do not try too hard to judge how your presentation went. What you think was a bad presentation might well go down a storm with the audience. And, unfortunately, vice-versa.

  • If you think you're having more fun than the audience, stop at once.

  • Don't expect things that are important to you to be important to your audience as well.

  • Expect to have to sell your subject, so try to put it in a context that works for your audience.

  • Don't think that you have to show off your knowledge to impress the audience. They are going to be more engaged if they can see how what you're telling them will improve their lives.

  • The ultimate sin for a presenter is to overrun. Underrunning is fine. I find it easier to pad out a bit with things that I'd like to say than chop stuff out on the fly to hit the end time. Although I've done both.

  • Always take questions. Make it clear when/how this is will happen.

  • If a question only seems relevant to the questioner, take it offline. Some questioners like to ask things to show that they know more than you. Allow them to do this (you look a lot bigger that way). Don't start trading points. If the answer is a matter of opinion, take it offline.

  • Never argue with the audience, and never set the audience up against a questioner.

  • Don't be afraid to be wrong in front of the audience.

  • The audience will be more inclined to follow you if you are amusing/interesting but they will be very inclined to follow you if they think what you are saying is useful/valuable to them. So make sure you tell them why the content is important. And use their words.

  • Make sure you have a backup plan in case everything breaks. Test the backup.

  • Don't write down everything you are planning to say but do have something that you can look at if you need inspiration. Me, I love a good slide deck, but I may be out of fashion. Bullet points are a good compromise.

  • A rehearsal won't do any harm, particularly in respect of getting the timing right.

  • Having something fun you can look forward to (a trip to the bar, etc etc) that you will definitely be doing after the presentation, whether it goes well or badly.

HALF-PRICE OFFER

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I’ve got a special offer for anyone too busy to come along to my Lecture in Rhyme this Friday. You can remove any guilt you might feel about letting me down on this special occasion by simply sponsoring the event for just twice as much money as you would normally give.

This means that anyone turning up on Friday at 7:00 PM GMT is getting their presentation at half price. And you get a chance to win prizes, play silly games and laugh at both of my jokes. What’s not to love?

Improving user interfaces

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I’ve been using my PICO Pomodoro timer and I’ve decided that the user interface is rubbish. When I designed the system I thought it would be cool to use the control knob as an input button. That way you can turn the knob to set a value and then press it in to make a selection. Clever eh?

Actually no. Why? Because when a user sees something with a button on it the first thing they will do is press the button. They will expect the button to do things. When it doesn’t do anything they turn the knob. But the user has to know that the knob can be pressed in to make a selection. If they don’t have that crucial fact the whole device is useless to them.

I’ve upgraded the code to version 2.0. This lets you press the button or the knob to make a selection. If you press the button when the time is set to 0 the device now shows a message saying “turn the knob to select a time”. The device still works like it used to, but now it is much easier to get started with it.

In my experience this is how user interface design goes. Things that you think are intuitive frequently aren’t. If I’d shown this to someone before I shipped it they’d have come straight back with the obvious question “Why doesn’t the button do anything?” and I could have fixed it. So the lesson is to show what you’ve made to other people as much as you can.

Update: The original title for this post was “Stupid user interface design by Rob”. After some thought I’ve changed this title and edited this post to remove the word “stupid”. I try not to call people stupid. So I shouldn’t call myself stupid either.

Blogging is back (or at least a diary)

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I read a thing on the internets a week or so back where someone said that they thought blogging is returning. My dear, for some of us it never went away. I’ve got around 20 years of blogging under my belt. My older stuff is here. Good luck with that. Actually, I’m really pleased I’ve got these posts lying around. I’ve rediscovered lots of things that I’d completely forgotten doing. I’ve just spent a happy half hour reliving past glories and humiliations from way, way back.

I think that if I have one piece of advice for folks starting out in life I’d strongly advise them to blog, or at least keep a diary. There are a whole bunch of good reasons to do this:

  1. Writing a diary will keep memories that you might otherwise lose. OK, in these modern days it is very easy to snap pictures or post things on social media about what you’ve done, but who knows if Facebook and whatnot will be around in the long term (more than 20 years or so). And writing about something lets you add a personal context.

  2. Writing a diary lets you practice your writing. This is a huge thing. Writing is how a lot of communication gets done, even in the days of visual media and video. You need to get good with your writing skills. Writing regularly will make you better at writing and what better subject than yourself.

  3. Writing a diary lets you “park” things in your life. If there’s something worrying you just whack it in the diary and then forget it for a while. I find that writing about something greatly reduces its power to upset me. And when I go back and re-read the entry I frequently wonder why I was so upset at the time. Conversely, I sometimes spot things that at the time didn’t seem to be important but actually turned out to mean a lot.

  4. It makes you like yourself a tiny bit more with each post. Reading about cool things that you’ve done (even if it’s wash the car or tidy the office) makes you realise that actually you are doing stuff and making a difference, starting with yourself.

When I started blogging I joked that I was doing it to force myself to make my life more interesting otherwise I’d have nothing to write about. This is not really how it turned out. Eventually I found a writing voice that worked for me and I managed to find a way (or feel that I’d found a way) to write about nothing much in a vaguely interesting way. I set myself a completely artificial challenge of blogging every day. I’ve not always managed it, but I’m quite proud of what I have achieved.

I’m not saying you should blog publicly if you don’t want to. I keep a diary of stuff I’m doing which is a bit of a log book/personal journal and I take things out of that to use in the public facing blog. You can just open a text document and type something every day.

Cunning tip - you can use the lowly Windows notepad program to automatically time and date your diary entries. Just put the text “.LOG” at the very top of the file and each time you open it you’ll find yourself at the bottom of the document, with the date and time added.

I’d strongly advise you to have ago. One other piece of sage advice. Don’t feel you have to write something every day. Only an idiot would do that. Don’t consider a lack of posts a failure. You are putting your thoughts down every now and then to make yourself feel better, not worse. Just do it when you feel like it. And after a while you might find that you are making five minutes here and there to jot things down at regular intervals, and then you’re a diarist.

Talking Pomodoro Timer in Useful Shock

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I’ve found a use for my Talking Pomodoro timer. I’ve decided that I’m never going to tidy my office properly. I start the task and then, after a while, I either run out of steam or find I’ve added so many extra tasks to to the job that the whole enterprise just collapses on itself.

So, spending a day tidying up will never happen. But half an hour a day, that sounds possible. So I set the timer for half an hour and then start tidying. When the timer goes off I stop tidying and go off and do something else. That way I don’t expand the task or give up because the job is too large. It’s kind of working so far, in that there is a tiny corner of the room where I can see the floor….

Double Exercise Bonus

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It turns out that the Apple watch can’t tell the difference between piano practice and exercise. Perhaps it is the way that I get cross when I make a mistake and wave my arms around, plus the nervous energy that I expend navigating some of the trickier parts of “The Entertainer”.

Anyhoo, this works rather well for me in that I get a double whammy of virtuous credit just by sitting down at the keyboard and failing to play something properly.

Red Nose Design Ideas from PowerPoint

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I’m working on the slides for the Red Nose Day lecture in rhyme. Sponsor me. Then come back and read the rest of this post.

Ah, there you are. Thanks very much. I’m using the latest version of PowerPoint. It has this “Design Ideas” feature that takes your slide, does something “AI” with it and then suggest a layout. The original design is below, and is perhaps a bit boring.

OK, forget perhaps. It is a bit boring. PowerPoint Design Ideas suggest this instead:

This is a lot less boring. I love the way that it has found suitable icons for all the points and then laid it out for me. I’m not sure that I’ll use it in this case, but it has suggested lots of other options too which I can incorporate into the presentation. It also found a wonderful piece of animated art for the start of the presentation. Which you’ll have to come along on Friday the 18th of March to see.

Up until recently I thought that a tool like PowerPoint had probably got about as useful as it could get. It’s nice to see that there are still ways it can be improved.

Communication Matters

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I’ve long been convinced that communication skills are crucial for engineers. Actually, I think they are crucial for everyone, but their importance needs to be sold to us techies. We tend to focus on solving the problem rather than telling people what we have done and why it is a good idea. In my experience an engineer can make themselves around 10 times more useful simply by learning how to communicate properly.

And the critical message for an engineer is that presenting is a skill that can be learned. I used to tell students that they should approach being able to present well in the same way that they would learn a new programming language or application programmer interface (API). In other words, find out how to do it and then do it.

It’s lovely to see that other people take this seriously too. Clive Maxfield and Lucy Rogers have some great things to say about the importance of presentation and how to do it. Both are splendid folks who are well worth following.

Gran Turismo 7

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Taking a BMW i3 through the field..

I’ve been playing the new Gran Turismo game for a couple of hours this morning. So of course I can now write the definitive review. Actually, I’ve been playing the game since version one on the original PlayStation, when we took a lowly Nissan to dizzying heights of success by a combination of a lot of tuning and bashing all the other cars off the road in the corners.

The new game is very true to the heritage of the older ones, even to the point of being a bit “up itself” with slow motion videos of the Wright Brothers and Einstein at the start. You even get to do qualifying races. Remember them? When the game first came out it was as if it was testing you to see if you were worthy to play it. It still feels like that.

Anyhoo, there are some new flourishes. There’s this strange music mode thing which you seem to have to do for a while before you get to the main game. There’s also a café where you can go and get menus of things to do. Everything loads pretty much instantly. This is literally a game changer. It means that you are tempted to have a go at shaving a few fractions of a second off that time, just because you know that you will be put back into the driving seat instantly when you retry. The graphics are better than real. I don’t think you could get these images with a camera.

Stopping for a coffee.

There are lots of races, hundreds of cars (including my beloved BMW i3) and tuning and detailing options galore. The driving experience is sublime with a special shoutout for the weather effects. There are lots and lots of things to do. You could go and live in this game. And with the state of the world today, I reckon it would be a pretty good option.

If you like Gran Turismo you’ll love it. If you’ve played a lot of Forza Horizons you might wonder what all the fuss is about, and ask why you can only race around tracks and not just drive anywhere. You might also question why the soundtrack is so bland and ask about missions. But these things are kind of beside the point. Gran Turismo really is about the driving and cars, not about narratives. And in that it succeeds brilliantly.

Saving money on Gran Turismo 7

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If you’re trying to find the cheapest possible way of getting hold of the latest version of Gran Turismo you might like to know that Shopto.net are selling PlayStation network Gift Cards at around 12% off. This means that you can pick up a copy of the game for around 60 pounds rather than 70. This is of particular interest to people like me, who have the version of the PS5 without a disk drive.

Playing with analogue film

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The Canon EOS 650 is a landmark camera. It launched the Canon EOS (Electro-Optical System) lens fitting which persists to this day. I acquired one by accident when I bought a second-hand Canon outfit a while back. I really wanted the lenses, which worked on my newly acquired Canon digital SLR.

What with analogue film being currently trendy I thought I’d take the camera out and put it through its paces. The auto focus is as snappy as any modern camera and the exposure seems sensible. Everything works fine, including the automatic wind and rewind. I find it amazing that this camera works so well, bearing in mind it is well over 30 years old. You can pick up a camera like this for around 20 quid on ebay. Kits with lenses start at around twice that. If you want to get into film photography this seems a very nice place to start.

Of course, I don’t really know how well the camera works just yet. I’ve got to get the film developed…

Crypto Currencies and NFTs explained

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I got asked today what Bitcoins and NFT (Non-Fungible Tokens) are all about. So I thought I’d write something.

Banking on blockchains

Let's start with your bank. Whenever you receive some money (yay!) or pay a bill (boo!) your bank adds a transaction record to a list held in your account records. If I was running the bank, I'd be very worried about someone messing with this transaction list. I wouldn’t want a cunning programmer who works for me giving themselves extra cash, deleting their spending records or fiddling with their transactions.

One way to stop such tampering is to turn a transaction list into a blockchain. Each bank transaction is now stored in a block which is linked to the ones before and after it. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the block before it in the chain.

What's a cryptographic hash? I hear you ask. It's a way of validating the contents of a block of data. What does that mean? Well, assume that I want to store my name, "Rob Miles", and I want you to be able to prove that the stored name is correct.

I could store my name along with a value that proves the name is correct. A bad way to do this would be to store "Rob Miles" and the number 829. The value 829 is the result of adding the character codes for my name together. The letter R has the value 82, o is 111 and, b is 98 and so on. When you read back the name you calculate the check value from the data and compare it with the stored value. If they are different either the hash or the data are wrong. This validation mechanism is called a checksum and it is used throughout computer networks to detect data corruption caused by transmission noise.

We don't use checksums to validate the data in a block because it is too easy to fool. You could use 829 to prove a name was "Rob Miles", but this value would also work for the name of my strange cousin "Rpa Miles" because character code for p is one greater than o, and the character code for a is one less than b. A cryptographic hash is a transformation created to produce a different value for every unique lump of data that it receives. Of course, this is not really possible. If the hash value is of finite size (say perhaps 10 digits) and the block of data being hashed is very large (say perhaps a megabyte) there must be lots of blocks of data that would generate the same hash, but the chances of this happening are sufficiently small for us not to have to worry about this. A cryptographic hash has one other feature, it is designed to be non-reversible. In other words, it should be very hard to work out the data contents of a block given the hash value.

If a block contains the cryptographic hash of the one before it in the chain it makes it impossible to modify a block without breaking the chain, since the hash value in the following block would now be wrong. It is also impossible to add or remove blocks in the chain because his would also corrupt the hash values.

Block chains are actually a great way to store data. Consider hospital patient records. You could store details of each patient in a huge data structure and then modify the contents of that structure each time something about the patient changes. If they change their name your program would have to find the patient record, modify the name in the record and store the record again, which would be quite hard work. It would be much better to hold each patient record as a blockchain. Rather than change the properties of the patient record you just add another block to the chain that describes the change you have made. The disadvantage is that to get the up-to-date status of a patient you have to scan down the blockchain, but the advantage is that you get a complete history of changes to the record for free, because all changes are stored in the chain.

Manage your own money

So, blockchains provide a great way to store structured data, but what about cash? Lets assume that you want to start your own currency. You don't want to tie it to any particular bank or organisation. Instead, you want the currency to be as open and useable as possible. Well, it turns out that a blockchain can help here.

You create a library of software that allows anyone to use their computer to host and manage account blockchains. Transactions are inherently secure because they are stored as blocks in the chain. The account storage is robust because the blockchains are stored on lots of machines which talk amongst themselves and make sure that all the chain stores are synchronised. The only problem that you have now is persuading people to run your currency server code on their machines. Enter our digital currency.

Up until now humanity has based its currencies on something physical, starting with things like lumps of gold but more recently coins and bank notes. We manage our money using phones and computers but underpinning it is the principle that you can walk into a bank and ask for your cash in physical form to take home and hide under your mattress (don't do this). The bank just holds a number that specifies how much cash you have, not the money itself.

A digital currency replaces the gold or bank notes with the solution to a digital puzzle. This solution must be calculated by a powerful computer and once it has been obtained and verified it can be used in transactions. The process of creating these solutions is called "mining". Around the world (usually where the electricity is cheap) you can find buildings full of computers working on solving these puzzles and adding solutions to the blockchains of their owners. They are literally making money. The mining computers also host the blockchain servers that underpin the currency, recording the movement of the digital cash using blocks in account blockchains.

It's possible for you to start with no digital money, run your computer for a while, generate some currency of your own and start spending it but a quicker way to get started is create an account with a broker who will exchange your digital currency into old-style cash and back. You use a program that acts as your "digital wallet". Once you have signed into the program you can use it to give other people your digital cash or ask your broker to move your money in and out of the digital domain.

No visible supports

The problem with a digital currency is that it is not underpinned by anything. If you look carefully at a British banknote, you will see that written on it is the phrase "I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of x pounds", where x is the value of the bank note. In olden times each banknote was backed by gold. You could go into the Bank of England and ask them to exchange your pound notes for lumps of gold from the treasury. We moved off the "gold standard" a long time ago but the principle remains. The UK government stands behind your wallet. The Bank of England works to make sure that the pound has a particular value of itself and in relation to other currencies. It is unlikely that all our pounds will suddenly become worth a lot more or a lot less. It has to be like this otherwise nobody could do any business.

No such safeguards exist for digital currencies. Massive speculation can (and does) cause their value to skyrocket and then plummet. Digital brokers can vanish taking their customer's money with them. If someone finds a bug in the software that implements the currency the whole thing could disappear overnight. Investing in a digital currency is not without risk, to put it mildly.

Bitcoin is the most popular digital currency. It's been going since 2008. You can buy bitcoins, or parts of them and use them to pay for stuff or as an investment. They are never going to replace proper money though. One issue is that the time it takes to complete a transaction (create a block, add it to the blockchain and replicate it over multiple servers) is around 10 minutes. So, by the time you'd managed to pay for your cup of coffee using a bitcoin it would be rather cold.

Another popular digital currency is Ether. This currency is underpinned by an open-source framework called Etherium. Blockchains stored in Etherium can also hold transactions managing Non-Fungible tokens or NFTs. So, what is a non-fungible token?

Non-fungible fun and games

The word fungible means "interchangeable". If I buy a batch of bricks to build a wall all the bricks will be the same size and shape and I can use any one brick in place of any other. My bricks are fungible. If I want to make unique bricks (perhaps for a wall of remembrance) I could carve a different message on each one. Now I can't swap one brick for another without changing the wall. So, a non-fungible token is one that can be proved to be unique.

If you think about it, it would be quite easy to copy a "non-fungible" brick. You'd just have to create a new brick with an identical message on it. However, when the Etherium system creates a non-fungible token it makes sure that the new token is unique within the Etherium universe. The token can then be moved between owners using transactions that are stored in a block chain by the Etherium system. I can purchase a non-fungible token by using a broker to get some Ether funds and use them to buy it. The transaction is stored in an Etherium blockchain and I can use this as proof that I own that non-fungible token.

Owning a non-fungible token sounds like it might be fun, but it gets real when we link the token to something else. One of the problems with the digital universe is that it is very difficult to maintain and manage "ownership" of an asset. You might have created a photograph or piece of music but once you put it into the digital domain it is very hard to stop people taking copies for free. And when you do find someone who has copied your work it is also hard to prove that you're the original owner.

The Etehrium system lets you bind a non-fungible token to a digital asset (which could be a document, a picture, a music track or any other data file). The binding process generates a transaction in a block chain managed by Etherium linking the non-fungible token with the asset. We can then create another transaction that records the purchase of the non-fungible token by the “owner” of the asset. This allows the owner to say "I own this". The digital asset can still be copied, but at least the owner has a a way of proving they have been wronged and claiming some recompense. An owner of a non-fungible token can sell it to someone else, which generates another transaction which is added to a blockchain.

Brave new world

So, at this point we have currency system which operates outside the "normal" banking space and a way of digitally conferring "uniqueness" on things and proving ownership of them - at least within the Etherium system itself. And now human nature can take over. The first thing that happens is that a lot of people pile into the digital currency arena and push up the value of everything. This does not mean that the digital currency has any inherent value, it just means that lots of people think it has. The second thing that happens is that people start assigning non-fungible tokens to anything and everything and an industry springs up generating things that have no value except for the fact that they have unique non-fungible tokens assigned to them. Remember that owning a non-fungible token that represents an item doesn't give you any control over that item, it just means that you can brag about what you’ve got and raises the vague possibility that in a perfect world you might be able to get some royalties or perhaps sell the "ownership" to another person in the future. Someone compared the whole thing to "selling plots of land on the moon" and I can see their point.

And here we are. Apparently, London tube stations are full of adverts offering the chance to join this new revolution. I can see why people might be interested in getting involved. In a world where if you play by the rules, work hard, save and do all the right things you still can't afford to buy the house that you want (even though your parents and grandparents managed to get theirs quite handily) you might feel that you deserve a short-cut of some kind. And perhaps the early adopters will do quite well out of it. But I worry that time has already passed.

It might be fun to buy non-fungible tokens directly from an artists who’s work you really admire, but to be honest I’d rather go down to the Ferens Art Gallery open exhibition and buy something physical to hang on the wall.